2.3+Genetics+NCEA

 ==2.3 Describe genetic variation and change ==
 * Achievement Criteria **
 * ** Achievement ** || ** Achievement with Merit ** || ** Achievement with Excellence ** ||
 * · Describe biological concepts and processes that relate to genetic variation and change.  || ·  Explain biological concepts and processes that relate to genetic variation and change.  || ·  Discuss biological concepts and processes that relate to genetic variation and change.  ||

**Explanatory Notes**
1 Biological concepts and processes relating to //genetic variation// will be selected from : · genetic biodiversity - allele frequencies, gene pools · mutations as a source of variation · independent assortment, segregation, and recombination during meiosis · dihybrid inheritance. 2 Biological concepts and processes relating to //genetic change//, ie where the gene pool is affected, will be selected from: · natural selection · migration · mutation · genetic drift · founder effect · bottleneck effect. 3 Terms: · // Describe // requires the student to define, give characteristics of, or an account of. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· // Explain // requires the student to provide a reason as to how or why something occurs. <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-list: Ignore; msofareastfontfamily: Symbol; msobidifontfamily: Symbol; msolist: Ignore;">· // Discuss // requires the student to show understanding by linking biological ideas. It may involve justifying, relating, evaluating, comparing and contrasting, or analysing.

Special notes
Questions could require candidates to interpret diagrams and new information, draw diagrams and write answers involving one or more paragraphs. Some questions may be resource based. Understanding of the following is expected: <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  knowledge as given in the explanatory notes of the standard <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  terms as given in the explanatory notes of the standard <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  mutation as a process that leads to variation – including difference between gametic and somatic mutations; details of types of mutations are not required <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  the process of how gametes contribute to variation, including the process of crossing over, and how selection processes lead to change <span style="font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol;"> ·  dihybrid inheritance: simple dihybrid cross – dominant/recessive (incomplete/co-dominance is not expected)

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